What did Szostak experiment prove?
After Elizabeth Blackburn discovered that telomeres have a particular DNA, through experiments conducted on ciliates and yeast, she and Jack Szostak proved in 1982 that the telomeres’ DNA prevents chromosomes from being broken down.
What was unique about Greider and Blackburn’s Nobel Prize?
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 jointly to Elizabeth Blackburn, Carol Greider and Jack Szostak for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.
What did Jack Szostak do?
Szostak has made contributions to the field of genetics. He is credited with the construction of the world’s first yeast artificial chromosome. That achievement helped scientists to map the location of genes in mammals and to develop techniques for manipulating genes.
Who won the 2009 Nobel Prize biology?
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009 was awarded jointly to Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak “for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase.”
How do Protocells replicate?
Protocell replication would involve growth and division of the membrane boundary as well as replication of the genomic RNA. As membrane sheets form, the high energy of the membrane edge drives closure into vesicles, which will trap molecules such as RNA that are present in the surrounding solution.
What did Szostak infer from the results of his Protocell experiment?
Szostak and his colleagues’ work shows that simpler membranes, when composed of the right kind of lipids, allow essential molecules to enter a protocell without the help of proteins—and form genetic polymers once inside. The membranes of modern cells are made of fatty molecules called phospholipids.
What did Dr Blackburn discover about stress and telomeres?
In sequencing their DNA, Blackburn discovered that telomeres are composed of six short repeating segments of DNA. Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes – Blackburn has likened them to caps on the ends of shoelaces – as cells divide, ensuring that all the important DNA instructions get copied.
What is telomeres and aging?
Telomeres play a central role in cell fate and aging by adjusting the cellular response to stress and growth stimulation on the basis of previous cell divisions and DNA damage. At least a few hundred nucleotides of telomere repeats must “cap” each chromosome end to avoid activation of DNA repair pathways.