What are arylamine drugs?
Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are polymorphic drug-metabolizing enzymes, acetylating arylamine carcinogens and drugs including hydralazine and sulphonamides. The slow NAT phenotype increases susceptibility to hydralazine and isoniazid toxicity and to occupational bladder cancer.
What does n acetyl transferase do?
N-acetyltransferase (NAT) is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of acetyl groups from acetyl-CoA to arylamines, arylhydroxylamines and arylhydrazines. They have wide specificity for aromatic amines, particularly serotonin, and can also catalyze acetyl transfer between arylamines without CoA.
Which drug is metabolized by n acetylation?
Drugs known to be metabolized by this pathway include procainamide, hydralazine, isoniazid, sulfapyridine, sulfadimidine, dapsone, an amine metabolite of nitrazepam, and some carcinogenic aromatic amines. Nongenetic factors may also affect the rate of acetylation.
What is a slow Acetylator?
Slow acetylators are people whose liver cannot completely detoxify reactive drug metabolites. For example, patients with sulfonamide-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis have been shown to have a slow acetylator genotype that results in increased production of sulfonamide hydroxylamine via the P-450 pathway.
What is an aryl amine?
noun Chemistry. any of a group of amines in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms of ammonia are replaced by aromatic groups.
What drugs are acetylated?
Many common drugs such as caffeine, isoniazid, nitrazepam and sulphonamides are acetylated.
Who are slow and fast acetylators?
The rate of acetylation is genetically determined. Approximately 50 percent of African Americans and Caucasians are “slow acetylaters”, and the rest are “rapid acetylaters”; the majority of Eskimos and Asians are “rapid acetylaters.”
What is an example of an amine?
Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; see Category:Amines for a list of amines. Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (NClH2).
What is Arylamine used for?
Arylamines are chemically synthesized and contained in oxidants, epoxy polymers, explosives, fungicides, pesticides, colorants, polyurethanes, and used in rubber, pharmacology, cosmetics, and other chemical industries.
Is acetylation positive or negative?
Acetylation is almost always associated with activation as it masks the positive charge of histones (lowering the affinity for the negatively charged DNA phosphodiester backbone) and helps to loosen the chromatin, thereby facilitating transcription.
How are beta blockers used to treat arrhythmia?
Beta blockers are used to prevent, treat or improve symptoms in people who have: Irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia)
How are beta blockers used at Mayo Clinic?
By Mayo Clinic Staff. Beta blockers, also known as beta-adrenergic blocking agents, are medications that reduce your blood pressure. Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine, also known as adrenaline. When you take beta blockers, your heart beats more slowly and with less force, thereby reducing blood pressure.
How are beta adrenergic blocking agents used in medicine?
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of medicines that bind to beta-adrenoreceptors and prevent the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine at these receptors.
Are there any other names for beta blockers?
Other names: beta blockers. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of medicines that bind to beta-adrenoreceptors and prevent the binding of norepinephrine and epinephrine at these receptors.