What are the cellular response to injury?
The responses induced by cellular injury fall into four main patterns: the ischaemic/anoxic, oxidative, heat shock and acute phase responses. These are reviewed briefly below. Cells, apoptosis. Cells, necrosis.
What is the rationale surrounding inflammation and cell injury and cell death?
Cell death plays an important role in the regulation of inflammation and may be the result of inflammation. The maintenance of tissue homeostasis necessitates both the recognition and removal of invading microbial pathogens as well as the clearance of dying cells.
What are the mechanisms of cellular injury and cell death?
These fundamental underlying biochemical mechanisms of cell injury are (1) ATP depletion, (2) permeabilization of cell membranes, (3) disruption of biochemical pathways, and (4) damage to DNA.
What type of cell death triggers an inflammatory response?
However, if the apoptotic cells are not cleared rapidly they release danger signals when they proceed into secondary necrosis. Necrotic cell death stimulates a host inflammatory response (5).
What is an example of a cellular response to tissue injury?
Upon tissue injury, damaged cells release inflammatory chemical signals that evoke local vasodilation, the widening of the blood vessels. Increased blood flow results in apparent redness and heat. In response to injury, mast cells present in tissue degranulate, releasing the potent vasodilator histamine.
Which of the following cellular responses to injury is the most reversible?
Cellular swelling (or cloudy swelling) may occur due to cellular hypoxia, which damages the sodium-potassium membrane pump; it is reversible when the cause is eliminated. Cellular swelling is the first manifestation of almost all forms of injury to cells.
How does cellular injury occur?
In principle, cell injury can occur due to the following factors: Excessive or overly prolonged normal stimuli. Action of toxins and other adverse influences that could inhibit the vital cell functions (e.g., oxidative phosphorylation or protein synthesis) Deficiency of oxygen and/or essential nutrients and metabolites.
How cellular damage is linked to inflammation?
Three general ways in which cell death might be induced in inflammation are shown: induction of cell death via the receptor-induced activation of programmed processes (part a); indirect induction of cell death secondary to tissue damage, which can be mediated either by the intrinsically destructive activities of …
Can tissue damage be repaired?
While a few types of tissue injury (such as minor paper cuts) can sometimes be healed in such a way that no permanent damage remains, most of our tissue repair consists of both regeneration and replacement.
How does cellular injury lead to cell death?
Cell injury results when cells are stressed and can no longer adapt Injury may progress through a reversible stage Reduced oxidative phosphorylation with resultant depletion of energy stores in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Cellular swelling caused by changes in ion concentrations and water influx Reversible Cell Injury Cell Death
What is the principle of cell injury, adaptation and death?
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST.035: Principle and Practice of Human Pathology Dr. Badizadegan Cell Injury, Adaptation and Death HST.035 Spring 2003 Overview of Cell Injury
What are the reversible effects of cell injury?
Reversible cell injury:cell swelling, detachment of ribosomes from granular e.r. and dissociation of polysomes into monosomes. Fatty change encountered in cells invloved in fat metabolism (hepatocyte, myocardium).
How is cellular swelling related to nonlethal injury?
Cellular swelling (synonyms: hydropic change, vacuolar degeneration, cellular edema) is an acute reversible change resulting as a response to nonlethal injuries. It is an intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the ionic and fluid homeostasis.