How are nerve injuries classified?
Seddon2 classified nerve injuries into three broad categories; neurapraxia, axonotmesis, and neurotmesis. In neurapraxia, transient functional loss is observed without affecting loss of nerve continuity.
What is Neurotization surgery?
Corneal neurotization is a surgical procedure for sensory reinnervation in neurotrophic keratopathy (1–9). Common causes of neurotrophic keratopathy include herpetic infections, chemical or thermal burns, diabetes, cranial nerve 5 injury, and chronic ocular surface disease or congenital causes (10).
What are the nerve fibers and classify them?
Nerve fibers are classed into three types – group A nerve fibers, group B nerve fibers, and group C nerve fibers. Groups A and B are myelinated, and group C are unmyelinated. These groups include both sensory fibers and motor fibers.
What is Klumpkes palsy?
Klumpke’s palsy, or Klumpke’s paralysis, is a form of brachial plexus palsy – a paralysis of the arm due to an injury of the network of spinal nerves that originates in the back of the neck, extends through the shoulder and armpit and gives rise to nerves in the arm.
What is a Dermatome?
A dermatome is an area of skin in which sensory nerves derive from a single spinal nerve root (see the following image). Dermatomes of the head, face, and neck. Sensory information from a specific dermatome is transmitted by the sensory nerve fibers to the spinal nerve of a specific segment of the spinal cord.
What is corneal neuropathy?
Neuropathic corneal pain is a condition that causes your eyes, face or head to be over sensitive. It also causes them pain. This condition is also called corneal neuralgia. Doctors don’t know the exact cause of neuropathic corneal pain. They think it results from nerve damage to the cornea combined with inflammation.
What is the supraorbital nerve?
The supraorbital nerve supplies sensory innervation to the upper eyelid, forehead, and scalp, extending almost to the lambdoidal suture (see image below). Since the supraorbital nerve provides a considerably large area of sensory innervation, it is a prime candidate for a regional nerve block.
What are the three types of nerve damage?
Nerve injury can be classified into three types:
- Neuropraxia – physiologic block of nerve conduction within an axon without any anatomical interruption.
- Axonotmesis – anatomical interruption of the axon with no or only partial interruption of the connective tissue framework.
Which is the best definition of neurotization?
Neurotization is a surgical procedure that intentionally divides a physiologically intact nerve with little morbidity and transfers it to a distal more important but irreparably denervated nerve.
How is neurotization used to treat lower extremity injuries?
While neurotization techniques have revolutionized the surgical treatment of upper extremity injuries (for example, brachial plexus injuries), repair of similar nerve defects in lower limbs often relies on more traditional nerve grafts.
When do you need a nerve graft for neurotization?
The author uses it for neurotization when the Ph nerve is avulsed; results have not been convincing [7]. It always requires a long nerve graft (> 10 cm) to coapt to the suprascapular nerve or distal C5 for shoulder function.
How are neurotransmitters classified as excitatory or inhibitory?
Neurotransmitters can be classified as either excitatory or inhibitory. Excitatory neurotransmitters function to activate receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and enhance the effects of the action potential, while inhibitory neurotransmitters function in a reverse mechanism.