What is the role of IL-17?
Interleukin-17 (IL-17, also known as IL-17A) is a key cytokine that links T cell activation to neutrophil mobilization and activation. As such, IL-17 can mediate protective innate immunity to pathogens or contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Where is IL-17 found?
Elevated levels of IL-17 are found in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. IL-17 can increase membrane expression of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand in osteoblasts,55 which in turn promotes osteoclastogenesis and subsequent bone destruction.
Is IL-17A inflammatory?
IL-17A promotes inflammation by inducing various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, recruiting neutrophils, enhancing antibody production, and activating T cells. IL-17A expression is also augmented in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.
What are the IL-17 drugs?
Secukinumab, ixekizumab, and brodalumab are three anti-IL-17 medications used for treating psoriasis, of which only secukinumab is FDA approved; ixekizumab and brodalumab remain under clinical development.
What is the role of IL 18?
IL-18 acts to promote Th1 cell activation and enhance the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells by upregulation of FasL. IL-18 is a strong inducer of inflammatory cytokines, especially IFN-γ (its original name was “interferon-γ–inducing factor”).
Do macrophages make IL 17?
Thus M2 macrophages in the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment generate large amounts of interleukin-17, which suppress oxaliplatin-induced tumor cell apoptosis by activating chaperone-mediated autophagy and in turn reducing cyclin D1 expression.
What is the difference between IL-17A and IL-17F?
Despite the large number of double- positive cells in these models, IL-17F is dispensable for autoimmune tissue inflammation whereas IL-17A-deficient mice show reduced disease (Ishigame et al., 2009).
What is the difference between IL 17A and IL 17F?
What are interleukin inhibitors?
Interleukin inhibitors are immunosuppressive agents that inhibit the action of interleukins. Interleukins are a group of cytokines (secreted proteins in response to infection) synthesized by white blood cells (lymphocytes, monocytes, and macrophages). They play a key role in the regulation of the immune system.
Is IL-18 anti inflammatory?
IL-18 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that was first characterized in the mid-1990s and originally named interferon-γ (IFN-γ) inducing factor [92].