What does a catalytic reformer do?
Catalytic reforming is a process used to convert low-octane naphthas into high-octane gasoline blending components called reformates.
How does a reformer work?
A methane reformer is a device based on steam reforming, autothermal reforming or partial oxidation and is a type of chemical synthesis which can produce pure hydrogen gas from methane using a catalyst. Most methods work by exposing methane to a catalyst (usually nickel) at high temperature and pressure.
What is SMR and ATR?
The main difference between SMR and ATR is that SMR only uses air for combustion as a heat source to create steam, while ATR uses purified oxygen. The advantage of ATR is that the H2:CO can be varied, which can be useful for producing specialty products.
What does a platformer do in a refinery?
Refinery platforming processes a feedstock of heavy naptha, a crude oil distillate fraction with boiling point 100 to 160oC comprising mainly straight chain alkenes that are combined with hydrogen rich re-cycle gas, in a two phase liquid/vapour mixture which is heated to be wholly vaporous.
Which catalyst is used in alkylation?
Either sulfuric or hydrofluoric acid is used as the catalyst for the alkylation reaction. Alkylate is high in octane but has low volatility and can be added to motor gasoline and aviation gasoline to increase octane while meeting stringent volatility specifications.
Which catalyst is used in reforming?
platinum
Catalytic reforming uses a catalyst, usually platinum, to produce a similar result. Mixed with hydrogen, naphtha is heated and passed over pellets of catalyst in a series of reactors, under high pressure, producing high-octane gasoline.
What is primary reformer?
A primary reformer converts a hydrocarbon feed (e.g. natural gas) to hydrogen and carbon monoxide by means of an endothermic catalytic reaction with typically steam and CO2. It provides a mixture of H2, CO, and H2O with various fractions of CO2 (depends on the process) and non-reacted CH4.
How much do reformers cost?
Pilates reformers aren’t cheap—many models cost upwards of $1,000, and the most-decked out ones come in at over $5,000. But if you’ve ever used one in a class, you know just how effective they are. (You can also think of them as a way to save on Pilates classes in the long run.)
What is steam methane reformer?
Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a process in which methane from natural gas is heated, with steam, usually with a catalyst, to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used in organic synthesis and as a fuel 1.
Why is steam reforming done at high pressure?
For the steam reforming reaction the production yield of hydrogen kept increasing with pressure because the forward water-gas shift reaction produced additional hydrogen by the reaction of CO with water.
Which of the following is the most widely used cracking process in oil refinery?
Which of the following is the most widely used cracking process in oil refineries? Dubbs process.