What is neurovascular coupling?
Neurovascular coupling refers to the mechanism that links the transient neural activity to the subsequent change in cerebral blood flow, which is regulated by both chemical signals and mechanical effects.
What is autoregulation in the brain?
Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow is the ability of the brain to maintain relatively constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure [137]. The reduction in cerebral blood flow is compensated for by an increase in oxygen extraction from the blood [141].
Why is neurovascular coupling important?
Neurovascular coupling, also referred to as functional hyperemia, is a mechanism of local cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation that enables the adequate delivery of oxygen and nutrients to localized areas of active neurons in brain.
What causes impaired cerebral autoregulation?
Hypertension is associated with cardiovascular hypertrophy and increased sympathetic activity, both of which might cause cerebral autoregulation impairment. Consistently, chronic hypertension has been found to reduce cerebral blood flow and increase cerebrovascular resistance [10].
What is a NeuroVascular disorder?
Definition. Neurovascular disorders are a group of pathological conditions that result from infarction, ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke of the brain or the spinal cord.
What is NeuroVascular dementia?
Vascular dementia is a general term describing problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory and other thought processes caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to your brain. You can develop vascular dementia after a stroke blocks an artery in your brain, but strokes don’t always cause vascular dementia.
What regulates blood flow to the brain?
The cerebrovascular endothelium plays a central role in the regulation of cerebral blood flow. Once thought to simply be an inert antithrombotic barrier, the endothelium is now appreciated as a dynamic organ that acts as a physiologic bridge between the blood vessel lumen and the surrounding smooth muscle.
What is neurovascular dementia?
Who is at risk for peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?
Risk for Peripheral Neurovascular Dysfunction. Risk for Impaired Gas Exchange. Impaired Physical Mobility. Impaired Skin Integrity.
What affects cerebral blood flow?
Cerebral blood flow (CBF), defined as the volume of blood (mL)/100 g of brain tissue/min, is primarily determined by autoregulation, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), CO2 reactivity, O2 reactivity, cerebral metabolic rate of O2 (CMRO2) coupling, temperature, viscosity, and some autonomic influences.