What is M cresol used for in insulin?

What is M cresol used for in insulin?

Most of the insulin formulations in clinical use contain phenol, meta-cresol or both as excipients. These excipients in insulin preparations provide stability and have antimicrobial properties.

What is the preservative in insulin?

m-Cresol and methyl p-hydroxybenzoate are preservatives in insulin preparations.

Why is phenol used in insulin?

Preparations of insulin or rapid-acting insulin analogs contain phenolic excipients that serve two purposes: maintaining sterility of the solution and stabilization of the insulin molecule in the hexameric form to avoid aggregation [15], [16].

What is metacresol used for?

Metacresol (m-cresol or 3-methylphenol) is colorless, yellowish liquid. It is used as a bactericide for control of crown gall and olive knot on certain fruit and nut trees and ornamentals and the genetic/physiological disorder burr knot on apples.

Is M cresol soluble in water?

m-Cresol

Names
Boiling point	202.8 °C (397.0 °F; 475.9 K)
Solubility in water	2.35 g/100 ml at 20 °C 5.8 g/100 ml at 100 °C
Solubility in ethanol	miscible
Solubility in diethyl ether	miscible

Is metacresol toxic?

Cresols produce corrosive damage at sites of contact; therefore, the skin and mucosal membranes are targets for cresols toxicity. In a single study of controlled exposures in volunteers, brief exposures to 6 mg/m3 o-cresol caused 8 out of 10 subjects to complain of respiratory irritation.

Is M-cresol volatile?

Production. Together with many other compounds, m-cresol is traditionally extracted from coal tar, the volatile materials obtained in the production of coke from (bituminous) coal. This residue contains a few percent by weight of phenol and isomeric cresols.

Is M-cresol a base?

m-Cresol is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). m-Cresol exists in all eukaryotes, ranging from yeast to humans.

Is m-cresol volatile?

Is 3 Methylphenol soluble in water?

Flavouring ingredient. 3-Methylphenol is found in asparagus, tea, and arabica coffee….Structure for FDB008788 (3-Methylphenol)

Property	Value	Reference
Experimental Water Solubility	22.7 mg/mL at 25 oC	YALKOWSKY,SH & HE,Y (2003)

Is P cresol toxic?

p-Cresol can be considered a prototypic protein-bound uremic toxin. It is conceivable, analogous with drugs, that the non-protein-bound fraction of p-cresol exerts toxicity.

How is M-cresol produced?

What does m-cresol stand for in medical category?

Also known as meta-cresol and 3-methylphenol, m-cresol is a methyl substituted phenol used to stabilize protein formulations such as insulin and other pharmaceutical injectables. It’s also used in herbicides, insecticides, fumigants, industrial solvents and even explosives.

What is the toxicity of m-cresol phenol?

Toxicity of m-cresol. Also known as meta-cresol and 3-methylphenol, m-cresol is a methyl substituted phenol used to stabilize protein formulations such as insulin and other pharmaceutical injectables. It’s also used in herbicides, insecticides, fumigants, industrial solvents and even explosives.

How are phenol and meta cresol removed from insulin analogs?

Phenol and m-cresol were removed from insulin analogs using Zeba (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, Illinois) desalting columns.

Is it safe to take m-cresol every day?

Any percentage of m-cresol may have adverse health effects. Diluting a toxic chemical into an injectable mixture simply reduces its concentration, but it does not reduce its toxic nature. Daily injections of m-cresol (even at negligible concentrations) for months and years on end will certainly not maintain or advance human health.