What is THAD of the liver?
Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) are areas of enhancement during the arterial phase of contrast CT of the liver. THAD is thought to be a physiological phenomenon resulting from regional variation in the blood supply by the portal vein and/or the hepatic artery.
What is a THAD lesion?
Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) lesions refer to areas of parenchymal enhancement visible during the hepatic artery phase on helical CT. They are thought to be a physiological phenomenon caused by the dual hepatic blood supply.
What is hepatic vasculature?
Abstract. The hepatic circulation is unique in that high volumes of low pressure blood flow are supplied through a dual venous and arterial circulation. This vascular supply is modulated both by the gastrointestinal vascular bed and an intrahepatic microcirculation.
What is a vascular shunt in the liver?
Liver shunt: Transjugular, intrahepatic, portosystemic shunt (TIPS), is a shunt (tube) placed between the portal vein which carries blood from the intestines to the liver and the hepatic vein which carries blood from the liver back to the heart.
What does diffuse hepatic steatosis mean?
Diffuse hepatic steatosis, also known as fatty liver, is a common imaging finding and can lead to difficulties assessing the liver appearances, especially when associated with focal fatty sparing.
What does Thad mean?
Thaddeus (Greek Θαδδαῖος, Thaddaios, from Aramaic תדי, Taddai / Aday) is a male given name. It means a heart or courageous heart. As of the 1990 Census, ‘Thaddeus’ was the 611th most popular male name in the United States, while ‘Thad’, its diminutive version, was the 846th most popular.
What is the difference between hepatic vein and hepatic artery?
The hepatic portal vein carries venous blood drained from the spleen, gastrointestinal tract and its associated organs; it supplies approximately 75% of the liver’s blood. The hepatic arteries supply arterial blood to the liver and account for the remainder of its blood flow.
Can humans get liver shunts?
A portosystemic shunt or portasystemic shunt (medical subject heading term) (PSS), also known as a liver shunt, is a bypass of the liver by the body’s circulatory system. It can be either a congenital (present at birth) or acquired condition and occurs in humans as well as in other species of animals.
What does Thad mean in hepatic phase image?
When cholangiocarcinoma is located adjacent to the hilar portion of the liver, it frequently shows THAD of lobar distribution on hepatic arterial phase images (Figs. 2A, 2B, and 2C ). THAD is an important indirect sign of vascular invasion.
What does Thad stand for in medical terms?
Transient hepatic attenuation differences (THAD) lesions refer to areas of parenchymal enhancement visible during the hepatic artery phase on helical CT.
How are thads used to diagnose focal hepatic lesions?
The widespread use of dual-phase dynamic CT has led to an improvement in the characterization and detection of focal hepatic lesions by highlighting the dynamic contrast-enhancement features. THADs of focal hepatic lesions reflect a change in the dual blood supply of the liver adjacent to the lesions.
How is Thad related to peripheral cholangiocarcinoma?
THAD is an important indirect sign of vascular invasion. Peripheral cholangiocarcinoma may have a risk of vascular involvement, especially in the peripheral branch of the portal vein (Figs. 3A and 3B). The reported incidence of THAD in peripheral cholangiocarcinoma on dynamic CT is from 29% to 45% [ 4, 5 ]. View larger version (61K)
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